What are venereal diseases?

Venereal skin diseases, also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) affecting the skin, are a group of conditions transmitted through sexual contact. These diseases can cause a range of symptoms, including itching, sores, and rashes, and often require medical treatment. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent complications and further transmission.

Symptoms

• Redness, bumps, or blisters may appear on the genital area or other areas of the body.
• Open lesions, which can be painful or painless, are commonly found on the genitals but can also occur on other parts of the body.
• Persistent itching in the genital area or on the skin.
• Abnormal discharge from the penis or vagina, possibly with a foul odor.
• Any abnormal changes in the texture, color, or appearance of the skin in the genital or surrounding areas.

What is the cause of sexually transmitted infections?

Sexually transmitted infections occur when bacteria, viruses, or parasites infect the body. These microorganisms are typically transmitted through bodily fluids such as blood, urine, semen, saliva, and mucous membranes during sexual activities, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex.

Types of Sexually transmitted infections:

Genital herpes: Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It results in painful sores or blisters on the genitals or rectum and can cause flu-like symptoms during initial outbreaks. While there is no cure, antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency of outbreaks.

Genital warts: Genital warts are soft growths that appear on the genitals and are caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). They are typically flesh-colored or gray and may be raised or flat. Genital warts are usually painless but can cause itching or discomfort. Treatment options include topical medications, surgical removal, or other procedures to remove the warts.

Syphilis: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It can cause a range of symptoms, including skin lesions called chancres, which are firm, round, and painless sores that appear at the site of infection. If left untreated, syphilis can progress to more serious stages and lead to severe health complications.

Molluscum contagiosum: Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, and can lead to small, raised bumps on the skin. While commonly found in the genital area of adults and considered an STI, it can also occur in other areas of the body.

What causes sexually transmitted infections?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites transmitted through sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. They can also be spread through non-sexual skin-to-skin contact, childbirth, and sharing contaminated items.

Diagnosis and Tests: 

Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) affecting the skin typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including:

Physical examination: A healthcare provider will examine the affected area(s) for any signs of infection, such as sores, bumps, or rashes.

Medical history: Your healthcare provider may ask about your sexual history, symptoms, and any previous STIs.

Laboratory tests: Samples of blood, urine, or swabs from the affected area(s) may be collected and tested for the presence of STI-causing organisms. This can include tests for bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections.

Skin biopsy: In some cases, a small sample of skin tissue may be taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.

Other tests: Additional tests, such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) or serologic tests, may be used to detect specific STIs or to assess the extent of the infection.

Treatment for sexually transmitted infections 

Treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) affecting the skin can vary based on the specific infection but often includes:

Topical medications: Creams or ointments containing antiviral or antibiotic agents can be directly applied to the skin lesions.

Oral medications: Antibiotics or antiviral drugs taken by mouth to treat the infection.

Surgical removal: For genital warts and in certain situations, the lesions might be surgically removed, frozen using cryotherapy, or treated with other methods.

Pain management: Medications can be used to alleviate pain, itching, or discomfort linked to the infection.

Preventive measures: Guidance on practicing safe sex and preventive measures to prevent reinfection or transmission to sexual partners.

How frequently should I undergo STI testing?

Healthcare providers typically advise annual STI testing, though more frequent testing every 3 to 6 months may be recommended for individuals with multiple sexual partners. Some providers suggest testing before engaging in sexual activity with a new partner. Regular testing is crucial for detecting and treating STIs, even those without noticeable symptoms.

Prevention:

Prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that affect the skin includes:

Safe sex practices: Use condoms consistently and correctly during vaginal, anal, or oral sex to reduce the risk of STI transmission.

Limit sexual partners: Having fewer sexual partners can lower the risk of STI exposure.

Regular screenings: Get tested for STIs regularly, especially if you are sexually active or have multiple partners.

Vaccination: Vaccines are available for some STIs, such as HPV, which can help prevent infection.

Avoid sharing personal items: Do not share towels, razors, or other personal items that may have come into contact with infected skin.

It's important to communicate openly with sexual partners about STI status and to seek medical advice if you suspect you have an STI or have been exposed to one.